Though a man of the church, Swift had previously written critically of the institution, which speaks to his ability to see perspectives beyond personal bias (William and O’Connor). After the Tories lost power, Swift became Dean of St Patrick’s Cathedral in Dublin in 1713 (Bauer and Reid). Many believe these petty squabbles exemplify the rivalry between the Whigs and Tories (Bauer and Reid). In Gulliver’s Travels, Swift writes about a rivalry between political groups of Lilliputians who argue over the importance of a low or high heeled shoe. In 1710, he was asked to write for the official paper for the Tories the Examiner, and became consumed by the politics of his era (“Jonathan Swift Biography”). In the meantime, he also began to follow his true passion: writing. During his time with Temple, Swift traveled to Dublin where he was ordained, reluctantly accepting an official position in the church. He worked as his assistant for ten years until Temple died in 1699. These events led Swift to travel to England where he found an assistant’s position working for Sir William Temple. Political upheaval, however, interrupted his graduate education in the form of the Glorious Revolution and the overthrowing of the king. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree, and went on to pursue a master ‘s degree as well. At the age of fourteen, in 1682, Swift entered Trinity College in Dublin. For this reason, he was sent to live with an uncle who enrolled him at what was considered the best grammar school in Ireland at the time, the Kilkenny school. His father passed away shortly after he was conceived and, upon his birth, his mother struggled to provide for him financially. Jonathan Swift was born in Dublin, Ireland on November 30, 1667. This work remains popular with adults and children alike who are drawn to the multiple ways it can be read: as an allegorical tale of fantastic creatures or as a deeper political commentary on the darker side of human nature. As it turns out, “He works as a surgeon on ships and ends up becoming a ship captain…Through many unfortunate events during his voyage at sea, Gulliver becomes stranded in foreign lands and absurd situations, whether it’s getting captured by the miniature Lilliputians or becoming friends with talking horses, the Houyhnhnms” (Naik). It follows a protagonist, Lemuel Gulliver, who is the narrator he explains a bit about his life as a preamble and informs readers that he is a married surgeon from Nottinghamshire, England who loves traveling. Gulliver’s Travels, written in 1726 by Jonathan Swift, is a satire that explores the theme of human nature framed by a fictional traveler’s account (this being very popular genre at the time). Picyrl.īy Jena Jordan, Aalmin Kadiwal and Elisa Escalera 13, 1995).“La patrie est en danger” by F. Where there is a question whether or not the State has adequately disclosed the necessary information, all doubts should be resolved in favor of requiring disclosure so that the defendant is informed of the facts necessary to mount a complete defense.266Ģ63. However, the State is not required to disclose its theories or the manner in which it believes the crime was committed.265 A defendant is entitled to be informed of the specific dates and/or, where relevant, time periods in which the events giving rise to the charge. The court must balance the need to insure that the accused possesses the information necessary to prepare a complete defense against the government’s right not to disclose completely the detailed evidentiary facts and theories that is expects to prove at trial.264Ī criminal defendant is entitled to have the government state the central facts that will enable the defendant to conduct an investigation of the events giving rise to the charge.
The availability and scope of a bill of particulars, and the sufficiency of the response thereto, are matters within the discretion of the trial court. The bill of particulars is designed (i) to inform the defendant of the specific nature of the charges where necessary to prepare a complete defense (ii) to prevent or minimize the possibility of a prejudicial surprise at trial and (iii) to protect against double jeopardy prosecutions.263 A criminal defendant may request a bill of particulars when the indictment fails to notify the defendant of the elements and the essential facts of the specific charges.